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            <header class="kratos-entry-header">
                <h1 class="kratos-entry-title text-center">英语话中华复习</h1>
                
                <ul class="kratos-post-meta text-center">
                    <li><i class="fa fa-calendar"></i> 2021-01-07</li>
                    <li><i class="fa fa-user"></i> 作者 7att1ce</li>
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                    本文最后编辑于 <time datetime="1620667968180"></time> 前，其中的内容可能需要更新。
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                <h2 id="Useful-Expresions"><a href="#Useful-Expresions" class="headerlink" title="Useful Expresions"></a>Useful Expresions</h2><h3 id="Unit-1"><a href="#Unit-1" class="headerlink" title="Unit 1"></a>Unit 1</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">原文</th>
<th align="center">译文</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">the Spring and Autumn Period</td>
<td align="center">春秋时期</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the Warring States Period</td>
<td align="center">战国时期</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">disciple</td>
<td align="center">弟子</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">The Analects</td>
<td align="center">《论语》</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Confucianism</td>
<td align="center">儒学</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">cultivate one’s behavior</td>
<td align="center">教化行为</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">family reverence</td>
<td align="center">孝悌</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">humaneness</td>
<td align="center">仁</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">ritual propriety</td>
<td align="center">礼</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">sage</td>
<td align="center">圣人</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">disciplining the self and observing ritual</td>
<td align="center">克己复礼</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">filial piety</td>
<td align="center">孝</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">universal love</td>
<td align="center">泛爱</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">desire rank and standing</td>
<td align="center">欲达</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">subjects</td>
<td align="center">子民</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">a sense of virtue</td>
<td align="center">德性</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">everything in nature</td>
<td align="center">天地万物</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">The Book of Rites</td>
<td align="center">《礼记》</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Five Constant Virtues</td>
<td align="center">五常</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 id="Unit-3"><a href="#Unit-3" class="headerlink" title="Unit 3"></a>Unit 3</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">原文</th>
<th align="center">译文</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">Eight Trigrams</td>
<td align="center">八卦</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">oracle bone inscriptions</td>
<td align="center">甲骨文</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">bronze inscriptions</td>
<td align="center">金文</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">seal script</td>
<td align="center">篆书</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">clerical/official script</td>
<td align="center">隶书</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">regular script</td>
<td align="center">楷书</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">cursive script</td>
<td align="center">草书</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">square-shaped</td>
<td align="center">方块的</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">calligraphy</td>
<td align="center">书法</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Six Categories of Chinese Characters</td>
<td align="center">六书</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">pictograph</td>
<td align="center">象形文字</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">stroke</td>
<td align="center">笔画</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">radical</td>
<td align="center">偏旁；部首</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">self-explanatory character</td>
<td align="center">指事字</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">associative compound</td>
<td align="center">会意字</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">picto-phonetic character</td>
<td align="center">形声字</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">phonetic loan character</td>
<td align="center">假借字</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">mutually explanatory character</td>
<td align="center">转注字</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">simplified Chinese</td>
<td align="center">简体中文</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">traditional Chinese</td>
<td align="center">繁体中文</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 id="Unit-5"><a href="#Unit-5" class="headerlink" title="Unit 5"></a>Unit 5</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">原文</th>
<th align="center">译文</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">Hand-served Lamb</td>
<td align="center">手把羊肉</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Lamb Simmered in Yellow Sauce</td>
<td align="center">酱焖牛肉</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Lamb Tendons</td>
<td align="center">羊筋菜</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">The International Chinese Food Day</td>
<td align="center">国际中餐日</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">fine extract</td>
<td align="center">精华</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">medicinal diet</td>
<td align="center">药膳</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the yin-yang balance</td>
<td align="center">阴阳平衡</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">five tastes in harmony</td>
<td align="center">五味调和</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">hyperlipemia</td>
<td align="center">高血脂</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">cane sugar</td>
<td align="center">蔗糖</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">dried tangerine peel</td>
<td align="center">陈皮</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Chinese prickly ash</td>
<td align="center">花椒</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">MSG(monosodium glutamate)</td>
<td align="center">味精</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">staple food</td>
<td align="center">主食</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">fishy odor</td>
<td align="center">鱼腥味</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">cold dish</td>
<td align="center">凉菜</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">awaken the tastiness</td>
<td align="center">提味</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 id="Unit-6"><a href="#Unit-6" class="headerlink" title="Unit 6"></a>Unit 6</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">原文</th>
<th align="center">译文</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">Three Letters</td>
<td align="center">三书</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Six Rites</td>
<td align="center">六礼</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the letter of betrothal</td>
<td align="center">聘书</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the letter of gift list</td>
<td align="center">礼书</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the letter of marriage</td>
<td align="center">迎书</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">The Book of Rites</td>
<td align="center">《礼记》</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Eight Characters of Birth</td>
<td align="center">生辰八字</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the ancestral altar</td>
<td align="center">祖宗灵位</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">good-luck women</td>
<td align="center">好命婆</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">The Book of Changes</td>
<td align="center">《周易》</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Chinese zodiac sign</td>
<td align="center">生肖</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">memorial tablet</td>
<td align="center">灵位</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the ritual of returning to the bride’s parents’ home</td>
<td align="center">归宁</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 id="Unit-7"><a href="#Unit-7" class="headerlink" title="Unit 7"></a>Unit 7</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">原文</th>
<th align="center">译文</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">the Paleolithic age</td>
<td align="center">旧石器时代</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the Neolithic age</td>
<td align="center">新石器时代</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">numerous war lords fought for power</td>
<td align="center">诸侯争霸</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">a hundred schools of thoughts contended</td>
<td align="center">百家争鸣</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the upper and lower garment</td>
<td align="center">上衣下裳</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the one-piece gown-style garment</td>
<td align="center">上下连式服饰</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the great order of heaven and earth</td>
<td align="center">天地秩序</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the Eight Banners</td>
<td align="center">八旗</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Lenin jacket</td>
<td align="center">列宁装</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the doctrine of the Mean</td>
<td align="center">中庸之道</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 id="Unit-9"><a href="#Unit-9" class="headerlink" title="Unit 9"></a>Unit 9</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">原文</th>
<th align="center">译文</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">Inner Court</td>
<td align="center">内廷；寝宫</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Outer Court</td>
<td align="center">外朝；前朝</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the office court in the front and the residential court in the rear</td>
<td align="center">前朝后寝</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the ancestral shrine on the left and the altar of gods of Land and Grain on the right</td>
<td align="center">左祖有社</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">majestic ceremonial avenue</td>
<td align="center">御道</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Hall of Supreme Harmony</td>
<td align="center">太和殿</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Hall of Central Harmony</td>
<td align="center">中和殿</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Hall of Preserving Harmony</td>
<td align="center">保和殿</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Imperial Ancestral Temple</td>
<td align="center">太庙</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Altar of Land and Grain</td>
<td align="center">社稷坛</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Palace of Heavenly Purity</td>
<td align="center">乾清宫</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Palace of Earthly Tranquility</td>
<td align="center">坤宁宫</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Hall of Union</td>
<td align="center">交泰殿</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">mythological animals on the eave</td>
<td align="center">脊兽</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">width and depth</td>
<td align="center">面阔与进深</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">hip roof</td>
<td align="center">庑殿顶</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">hip-and-gable roof</td>
<td align="center">歇山顶</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">overhanging gable roof</td>
<td align="center">悬山顶</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">flush gable roof</td>
<td align="center">硬山顶</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">four-sided pyramidal roof</td>
<td align="center">四角攒尖顶</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Records of Construction</td>
<td align="center">《考工记》</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">“The Questions of Duke Ai” in The Book of Rites</td>
<td align="center">《礼记·哀公问礼》</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 id="Unit-10"><a href="#Unit-10" class="headerlink" title="Unit 10"></a>Unit 10</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">原文</th>
<th align="center">译文</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">East Prosperity Gate</td>
<td align="center">东华门</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Eight Trigrams</td>
<td align="center">八卦</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Pavilion of Literary Profundity</td>
<td align="center">文渊阁</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">golden section; divine proportion</td>
<td align="center">黄金分割</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">great yin</td>
<td align="center">太阴（极盛之阴）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">lesser yin</td>
<td align="center">少阴（阴中带阳）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">lesser yang</td>
<td align="center">少阳（阳中带阴）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">great yang</td>
<td align="center">太阳（极盛之阳）</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 id="Unit-11"><a href="#Unit-11" class="headerlink" title="Unit 11"></a>Unit 11</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">原文</th>
<th align="center">译文</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">Qianmen Gate Tower</td>
<td align="center">前门城楼</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">north-south axis</td>
<td align="center">南北中轴线</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">leading actor</td>
<td align="center">主角</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">facial makeup</td>
<td align="center">脸谱</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">ancient Greek drama</td>
<td align="center">古希腊戏剧</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Sanskrit drama</td>
<td align="center">梵剧</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Shaanxi Opera</td>
<td align="center">秦腔</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Kunqu Opera</td>
<td align="center">昆剧</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 id="Unit-12"><a href="#Unit-12" class="headerlink" title="Unit 12"></a>Unit 12</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">原文</th>
<th align="center">译文</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">the theory of zangxiang</td>
<td align="center">藏象学说</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the yin and yang theory</td>
<td align="center">阴阳学说</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Five Elements Framework</td>
<td align="center">五行学说</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">meridians</td>
<td align="center">经络</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">qi and blood</td>
<td align="center">气血</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">acupuncture</td>
<td align="center">针灸</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">acupressure</td>
<td align="center">推拿</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">scraping therapy</td>
<td align="center">刮痧（疗法）</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 id="Unit-13"><a href="#Unit-13" class="headerlink" title="Unit 13"></a>Unit 13</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">原文</th>
<th align="center">译文</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">color pottery painting</td>
<td align="center">彩陶绘画</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Neolithic Age</td>
<td align="center">新石器时代</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">landscape painting</td>
<td align="center">山水画</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">figure painting</td>
<td align="center">人物画</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">flower-and-bird painting</td>
<td align="center">花鸟画</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">ink and wash painting</td>
<td align="center">水墨画</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">detailed brushwork</td>
<td align="center">工笔</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">freehand brushwork</td>
<td align="center">写意</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">imperial painting</td>
<td align="center">宫廷画</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">folk painting</td>
<td align="center">风俗画</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">literati painting</td>
<td align="center">文人画</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Four Treasures of the Study</td>
<td align="center">文房四宝</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">brush pen, ink stick, paper, and ink slab</td>
<td align="center">笔、墨、纸、砚</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Dunhuang Mural</td>
<td align="center">敦煌壁画</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Ode to the Goddess of River Luo</td>
<td align="center">《洛神赋图》</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Along the River During the Qingming Festival</td>
<td align="center">《清明上河图》</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Four Masters of the Yuan Dynasty</td>
<td align="center">元四家</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou</td>
<td align="center">扬州八怪</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the “Four Gentlemen” of plum blossom, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum</td>
<td align="center">梅兰竹菊“四君子”</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the Imperial Painting Academy</td>
<td align="center">翰林图画院</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="Translate"><a href="#Translate" class="headerlink" title="Translate"></a>Translate</h2><h3 id="Unit-1-1"><a href="#Unit-1-1" class="headerlink" title="Unit_1"></a>Unit_1</h3><p>The Analects is one of the Confucian classics. The book records the sayings and behaviors of Confucius and his disciples. It teaches the central themes of Confucianism: humaneness, righteousness, propriety, and wisdom, of which humaneness is the kernel value. Humaneness is taken as love for parents and respect for elder brothers. If the feelings for family members are extended to other people in the society, harmonious relationships among individuals will be built up.</p>
<h3 id="Unit-3-1"><a href="#Unit-3-1" class="headerlink" title="Unit_3"></a>Unit_3</h3><p>Chinese characters, in general, are composed of a dozen basic strokes, which have similar functions to the letters of most European languages, though they do not combine into syllables. There are eight basic strokes: dot, horizontal stroke, turning stroke, vertical stroke, hook stroke, right-upward stroke, left-downward stroke and right-downward stroke.<br>In a small square space, characters are composed of different strokes linked and arranged in various ways, thus they are easy to be recognized, and look neat. These strokes are placed in various positions in the square — upper or lower, left or right, separate or linked, crossed, going through, overlapping, piling up or surrounding.</p>
<h3 id="Unit-5-1"><a href="#Unit-5-1" class="headerlink" title="Unit_5"></a>Unit_5</h3><p>Chinese cuisine, which is world famous, is a pearl of world cuisine. It has various styles of cooking and its cooking techniques are different as well. Chinese cuisine features four elements — color, shape, aroma and taste. The four elements decide how good the dish is and are also the criteria of judging its quality. The northern foods and southern foods have their unique characteristics. The northern dishes attach great importance on bright color and heavy taste, with the greatest feature of using local food materials and controlling cooking time and temperature. While in some parts of southern China, the dishes feature light taste and remain the original flavor of the food materials.</p>
<h3 id="Unit-6-1"><a href="#Unit-6-1" class="headerlink" title="Unit_6"></a>Unit_6</h3><p>Traditional Chinese wedding process starts with a proposal of marriage and a letter will be sent by the groom to the bride’s family asking for the permission to marry their daughter. In many cases, a matchmaker is employed by the groom’s family to communicate with the two families. The Eight Characters of Birth of the bride-to-be and groom-to-be are checked to make sure they are compatible. At present, wedding ceremonies in large cities of China closely are similar with the western ones. In some smaller places, however, the traditions are still kept and the wedding process is almost unchanged.</p>
<h3 id="Unit-7-1"><a href="#Unit-7-1" class="headerlink" title="Unit_7"></a>Unit_7</h3><p>From the day garments became part of people’s lives, they have been endowed with connotations concerning the social status, lifestyles, aesthetics and cultural concepts. Garments have always been the truest and most straightforward reflection of the social and historical scenes of any given time. In this sense, the history of garments is also a vivid development history of civilization. In our country with a long history of garments and ornaments, there is a wealth of archeological findings showing the development of garments, as well as their portrayals in ancient mythology, history books, poems and songs, novels and drama.</p>
<h3 id="Unit-9-1"><a href="#Unit-9-1" class="headerlink" title="Unit_9"></a>Unit_9</h3><p>Located in the center of Beijing, the Forbidden City was the imperial palace from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty and now the Palace Museum. It witnessed the enthronement of 14 Ming and 10 Qing emperors. Displaying the court culture, the lifestyles and the exchange and integration between the Manchu and Han peoples of Ming and Qing dynasties, the Forbidden City embodies multi-ethnic culture. It is also a state-of-art exemplar of the time, showing the architectural layout, hierarchy, construction techniques and architectural art. It is necessary for us to enhance the sustainable protection of the authenticity and integrity of the property in order to better showcase the scientific, historic and artistic values of the Forbidden City.</p>
<h3 id="Unit-10-1"><a href="#Unit-10-1" class="headerlink" title="Unit_10"></a>Unit_10</h3><p>The Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Middle Harmony and the Hall of Preserving Harmony erect above a 土-shaped terrace, which is 232 meters long and 130 meters wide with the ratio of length and width 9:5. Tian’anmen Gate is nine bays wide and five bays deep with the ratio of width and depth 9:5. In ancient China, the odd numbers are yang while the even numbers are yin. The number of the palaces of the Outer Court of the Forbidden City is yang while that of the Inner Court is yin. Among the number of yang, nine is the highest one while five ranks in the middle. So in ancient times, nine and five symbolize the imperial power of the emperors.</p>
<h3 id="Unit-11-1"><a href="#Unit-11-1" class="headerlink" title="Unit_11"></a>Unit_11</h3><p>Peking Opera is the cream of Chinese culture. And its costumes and facial makeup are popular with people. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the characters’ different social status. Facial makeups, using different colors painting on faces, are employed as an important way to portray characters in Peking Opera. People can tell whether the character is good or bad from the colors of the facial makeups. For example, white usually represents treachery, black forthrightness and recklessness, and blue bravery.</p>
<h3 id="Unit-12-1"><a href="#Unit-12-1" class="headerlink" title="Unit_12"></a>Unit_12</h3><p>TCM is a heritage of world medicine. The effect and way to heal people of TCM make it more and more popular in the world. Originated from the ancient time, TCM has developed in a long time and has collected various ways to treat different illness. TCM pays attention to the balance of the body system. It is said that once the body system is in balance, the illness will disappear.</p>
<h3 id="Unit-13-1"><a href="#Unit-13-1" class="headerlink" title="Unit_13"></a>Unit_13</h3><p>Chinese scholars researching paintings left behind a tremendous amount of works of art criticism. These works analyzed in detail xing, the physical forms of the painted object, li, the intrinsic law or spirit, and yi, the artists’ own conception. The “scholar painting” was a reflection of protest against slavish verisimilitude. Scholars in the Song Dynasty, in particular, emphasized li, the inner spirit of objects. Mere accuracy of details without meaning is the job of commercial artists; whereas only taking spirit as aim can painting be called art.</p>

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